beta or hFE,
here is one cheap way to test things, I have one, and works great, and other more fancy.
one can make one with 2 resistors added. or 1 collector resistor say 100ohm to say 5vdc or to 9vdc battery. (Imax 90mA)
then a 25k pot wired to base and set base current until IC (collector current hits say 50ma) the measure IB base current;
hFe = IC / IB. (not dead accurate but plenty good for this job)
it is simple current gain (a crude amplifier it is)
some cheap DMM have 3 pin transistor jack on the front, many do, even $20 ones
the Pot above, 1k, is in series with 300 ohm (approx) resistor to IB can not go to infinity as you turn the pot nob to zero ohms.
the test is with any DMM set up as a ammeter.
to measure Ib and Ic.
see this,
https://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-...or-Tester/
I use POT for the 25K 510ohm to limit Ib current. and then measure hFE gain. (using my ammeter)
watch out some testers can not test correctly any SUPERBETA darlington transistors that your ECU uses. 4000 hFE. best is to make your own $1 test jig.
transistors can fail all these ways.
shorted or dead open even whole casing cracked.
leaking C to E. (not turned on as in nothing forward biased C to E leakings is too high. per spec.
or low hFE, these are the walking wounded, as we say, so they short later, it is a death rattle.
I love to check for all classes of good and fails, open/short/good/bad and hFI, and leakage.
at fleabay these are fun.
Digital All-in-1 Component Tester Transistor Diode Capacitor Inductor ESR Meter
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R4...r&_sacat=0
here is one cheap way to test things, I have one, and works great, and other more fancy.
one can make one with 2 resistors added. or 1 collector resistor say 100ohm to say 5vdc or to 9vdc battery. (Imax 90mA)
then a 25k pot wired to base and set base current until IC (collector current hits say 50ma) the measure IB base current;
hFe = IC / IB. (not dead accurate but plenty good for this job)
it is simple current gain (a crude amplifier it is)
some cheap DMM have 3 pin transistor jack on the front, many do, even $20 ones
the Pot above, 1k, is in series with 300 ohm (approx) resistor to IB can not go to infinity as you turn the pot nob to zero ohms.
the test is with any DMM set up as a ammeter.
to measure Ib and Ic.
see this,
https://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-...or-Tester/
I use POT for the 25K 510ohm to limit Ib current. and then measure hFE gain. (using my ammeter)
watch out some testers can not test correctly any SUPERBETA darlington transistors that your ECU uses. 4000 hFE. best is to make your own $1 test jig.
transistors can fail all these ways.
shorted or dead open even whole casing cracked.
leaking C to E. (not turned on as in nothing forward biased C to E leakings is too high. per spec.
or low hFE, these are the walking wounded, as we say, so they short later, it is a death rattle.
I love to check for all classes of good and fails, open/short/good/bad and hFI, and leakage.
at fleabay these are fun.
Digital All-in-1 Component Tester Transistor Diode Capacitor Inductor ESR Meter
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R4...r&_sacat=0
http://www.fixkick.com